How would you design a highly available web application using AWS services?

I am preparing for AWS interviews and would like to understand how to design a highly available, scalable, and fault-tolerant web application using AWS services.

Could someone explain:

Which AWS services should be used to ensure high availability and fault tolerance?
How do Amazon VPC, public and private subnets, and multiple Availability Zones (AZs) contribute to a resilient architecture?
What is the role of an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and Auto Scaling Groups in handling incoming traffic?
How should the application, database, and storage layers be designed using services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon RDS (Multi-AZ), Amazon S3, and Amazon CloudFront?
How can AWS services like Route 53, CloudWatch, IAM, and AWS WAF improve availability, monitoring, security, and reliability?
Could you provide a simple architecture diagram or explain a real-world deployment strategy for a production-ready web application?