What is throttling in JavaScript and when should you use it?

I'm learning JavaScript performance optimization and often come across the term throttling. I understand it's used to limit how frequently a function executes, but I'm not sure how it differs from debouncing or when it should be used.

Can someone explain what throttling is, how it works, and the scenarios where it's most useful, such as handling scroll events, window resizing, or button clicks? I'd also appreciate a simple example comparing throttling and debouncing and guidance on when to use each approach.